“Who
are those guys?”
Butch Cassidy Butch
Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
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Whaddya mean "no disintegrations"? |
Bounty
hunters rank right up there with pirates, ninjas and Vikings as one of the
coolest jobs every romanticized into mythic proportions. A recent question about bounty hunters in a
Medieval fantasy setting prompted quite the conversation, and pointed out that
there are precious few fantasy-genre bounty hunter stories.
There’s
a very good, historical reason for this.
Independent
individuals who captured criminals for a monetary reward (bounties)—didn’t
exist in the Medieval period.
Seriously.
Bounty
hunting, as a profession, doesn’t become a thing until the late 1600s and early
1700s. Before that, there wasn’t a
reward system in place that would create and sustain a profession we know as “bounty
hunting”. This isn’t to say that rewards
weren’t offered, from time to time, by a government or an authority
figure. Those certainly happened. But there wasn’t a system of “bounties” that
would create enough demand for an individual not attached to the government in
some way to make a living, even part-time, hunting them down.
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My! That is a large bounty you have there! |
Why
wasn’t there an economy of rewards? There
was no need for it. The agrarian society
of the feudal system tied the majority of people to the land. To survive, they had to work the land, and
that just didn’t leave a lot of time for master minding a castle heist. Wealth was generally in the hands of the
aristocracy, whose prime concern was on maintaining and expanding their
holdings—meaning walls, forts, and plenty of guards which sharp metal that
would leave holes in your favorite liver.
Crimes that did occur, even minor ones, were harshly punished (see the
aforementioned guards), which acted as a major deterrent. Getting your hand cut off for stealing a loaf
of bread really puts the kibosh on a reasonable person’s dreams of becoming a
master-thief. Most criminals were of the
petty variety and locally sourced—they wouldn't have the means or ability to
travel outside of their region to “pull a job” or “make a get away”. Those that
did, wouldn't really be worth tracking down in a “bounty hunter” fashion, and they
rarely if ever made the radar of the local lord or reeve.
If a
criminal, or criminal group, did become a problem, the local authorities would
put more effort into capturing or killing them, even to the point of placing a
reward—but the enforcement would remain in the hands of the local
government. The rewards were one-offs,
and not regular occurrences.
Add
to that the relatively small population of the time. On average, everyone knew everyone
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Will work for bounties . . . or noodles! |
else and everyone knew what everyone else had—next to nothing. If your next to nothing was stolen, and Goodman Smith suddenly had slightly more next to nothing, it's a good bet where he got it. It takes the rise of a merchant class/middle
class to spread around the wealth, and see a rise in crime, such that enough
criminals become a problem, you need to start putting bounties on their heads
to keep the crime rate down. Reward-systems started to come into place in the
late 1600s and early 1700s when the merchants were well established, wealth
was better distributed, and populations were on the rise.
None
of this is to say you can’t have a bounty hunter in your Medieval-based fantasy
world. In fact, you very much can and
should! There appears to be very little
bounty hunter fantasy out right now (the aforementioned discussion turned up
only a handful of titles). You don’t
even need to explain the economy of your fantasy world to make bounty hunting
viable—just get out there and start writing!